<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
		>
<channel>
	<title>Comments on: Norwich Order Applied to Gmail Account</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.slaw.ca/2009/09/13/norwich-orders-applied-to-gmail-account/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.slaw.ca/2009/09/13/norwich-orders-applied-to-gmail-account/</link>
	<description>Canada&#039;s online legal magazine</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Thu, 09 Feb 2012 17:45:18 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=3.3.1</generator>
	<item>
		<title>By: Omar Ha-Redeye</title>
		<link>http://www.slaw.ca/2009/09/13/norwich-orders-applied-to-gmail-account/comment-page-1/#comment-706961</link>
		<dc:creator>Omar Ha-Redeye</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2009 17:23:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.slaw.ca/?p=12157#comment-706961</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m not sure that university faculty would meet the same definition of public officials or serve the same policy reasons for the holding in &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/comm/free_speech/nytvsullivan.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sullivan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.

The actual malice requirement in that case is generally considered an anomaly at common law, and was expressly rejected by the SCC in &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/1995/1995canlii59/1995canlii59.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Hill v. Church of Scientology of Toronto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;,
&lt;blockquote&gt;137            The New York Times v. Sullivan decision has been criticized by judges and academic writers in the United States and elsewhere.  It has not been followed in the United Kingdom or Australia.  I can see no reason for adopting it in Canada in an action between private litigants.  The law of defamation is essentially aimed at the prohibition of the publication of injurious false statements.  It is the means by which the individual may protect his or her reputation which may well be the most distinguishing feature of his or her character, personality and, perhaps, identity.  I simply cannot see that the law of defamation is unduly restrictive or inhibiting.  Surely it is not requiring too much of individuals that they ascertain the truth of the allegations they publish.  The law of defamation provides for the defences of fair comment and of qualified privilege in appropriate cases.  Those who publish statements should assume a reasonable level of responsibility...
141            In conclusion, in its application to the parties in this action, the common law of defamation complies with the underlying values of the Charter and there is no need to amend or alter it.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Where actual malice is more useful in the Canadian context is in the award of aggravated damages,
&lt;blockquote&gt;190            If aggravated damages are to be awarded, there must be a finding that the defendant was motivated by actual malice, which increased the injury to the plaintiff, either by spreading further afield the damage to the reputation of the plaintiff, or by increasing the mental distress and humiliation of the plaintiff...  
191            There are a number of factors that a jury may properly take into account in assessing aggravated damages.  For example, was there a withdrawal of the libellous statement made by the defendants and an apology tendered?  If there was, this may go far to establishing that there was no malicious conduct on the part of the defendant warranting an award of aggravated damages.  The jury may also consider whether there was a repetition of the libel, conduct that was calculated to deter the plaintiff from proceeding with the libel action, a prolonged and hostile cross‑examination of the plaintiff or a plea of justification which the defendant knew was bound to fail.  The general manner in which the defendant presented its case is also relevant.  Further, it is appropriate for a jury to consider the conduct of the defendant at the time of the publication of the libel.  For example, was it clearly aimed at obtaining the widest possible publicity in circumstances that were the most adverse possible to the plaintiff?&lt;/blockquote&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#039;m not sure that university faculty would meet the same definition of public officials or serve the same policy reasons for the holding in <em><a href="http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/comm/free_speech/nytvsullivan.html">Sullivan</a></em>.</p>
<p>The actual malice requirement in that case is generally considered an anomaly at common law, and was expressly rejected by the SCC in <em><a href="http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/1995/1995canlii59/1995canlii59.html">Hill v. Church of Scientology of Toronto</a></em>,</p>
<blockquote><p>137            The New York Times v. Sullivan decision has been criticized by judges and academic writers in the United States and elsewhere.  It has not been followed in the United Kingdom or Australia.  I can see no reason for adopting it in Canada in an action between private litigants.  The law of defamation is essentially aimed at the prohibition of the publication of injurious false statements.  It is the means by which the individual may protect his or her reputation which may well be the most distinguishing feature of his or her character, personality and, perhaps, identity.  I simply cannot see that the law of defamation is unduly restrictive or inhibiting.  Surely it is not requiring too much of individuals that they ascertain the truth of the allegations they publish.  The law of defamation provides for the defences of fair comment and of qualified privilege in appropriate cases.  Those who publish statements should assume a reasonable level of responsibility&#8230;<br />
141            In conclusion, in its application to the parties in this action, the common law of defamation complies with the underlying values of the Charter and there is no need to amend or alter it.
</p></blockquote>
<p>Where actual malice is more useful in the Canadian context is in the award of aggravated damages,</p>
<blockquote><p>190            If aggravated damages are to be awarded, there must be a finding that the defendant was motivated by actual malice, which increased the injury to the plaintiff, either by spreading further afield the damage to the reputation of the plaintiff, or by increasing the mental distress and humiliation of the plaintiff&#8230;<br />
191            There are a number of factors that a jury may properly take into account in assessing aggravated damages.  For example, was there a withdrawal of the libellous statement made by the defendants and an apology tendered?  If there was, this may go far to establishing that there was no malicious conduct on the part of the defendant warranting an award of aggravated damages.  The jury may also consider whether there was a repetition of the libel, conduct that was calculated to deter the plaintiff from proceeding with the libel action, a prolonged and hostile cross‑examination of the plaintiff or a plea of justification which the defendant knew was bound to fail.  The general manner in which the defendant presented its case is also relevant.  Further, it is appropriate for a jury to consider the conduct of the defendant at the time of the publication of the libel.  For example, was it clearly aimed at obtaining the widest possible publicity in circumstances that were the most adverse possible to the plaintiff?</p></blockquote>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: BC</title>
		<link>http://www.slaw.ca/2009/09/13/norwich-orders-applied-to-gmail-account/comment-page-1/#comment-706960</link>
		<dc:creator>BC</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2009 16:31:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.slaw.ca/?p=12157#comment-706960</guid>
		<description>You&#039;ve got a great health care system up there but you seem to be a little weak on academic freedom. If universities down here in the States sued every time their leaders were insulted, they&#039;d never get any teaching done.

Our &lt;em&gt;New York Times Co. vs. Sullivan &lt;/em&gt;(1964) essentially told public figures not to sweat the small stuff.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You&#039;ve got a great health care system up there but you seem to be a little weak on academic freedom. If universities down here in the States sued every time their leaders were insulted, they&#039;d never get any teaching done.</p>
<p>Our <em>New York Times Co. vs. Sullivan </em>(1964) essentially told public figures not to sweat the small stuff.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
</channel>
</rss>
<!-- This Quick Cache file was built for (  www.slaw.ca/2009/09/13/norwich-orders-applied-to-gmail-account/feed/ ) in 0.35940 seconds, on Feb 9th, 2012 at 7:28 pm UTC. -->
<!-- This Quick Cache file will automatically expire ( and be re-built automatically ) on Feb 9th, 2012 at 8:28 pm UTC -->
